ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 sorts hard hats by impact type and electrical class. Type I protects against blows to the top of the head; Type II also protects against side impacts. Class G hats are tested to 2,200 volts, Class E to 20,000 volts, and Class C offers no electrical protection. Replace a hard hat after any significant impact, and follow the maker's schedule for the shell and suspension, which is often about five years and twelve months.
OSHA requires head protection that meets ANSI Z89.1 where head hazards exist. The label inside the shell tells you what it is rated for.
Types
| Type | Protects against |
|---|---|
| Type I | Impacts to the top of the head |
| Type II | Top and lateral impacts (front, back, sides) |
Electrical classes
| Class | Electrical protection |
|---|---|
| G (General) | Tested to 2,200 volts |
| E (Electrical) | Tested to 20,000 volts |
| C (Conductive) | None; often vented |
Styles
- Cap style: short brim at the front.
- Full brim: shade and rain protection all around.
- Safety helmet: climbing-style shape, often Type II with a chin strap, increasingly required for work at height.
Suspension
Ratchet suspensions adjust quickly; pin-lock suspensions are simpler. Four- and six-point suspensions spread impact. Replace suspension when it cracks or loses elasticity.
Replacement
- After any significant impact, even with no visible damage.
- If the shell is cracked, faded, brittle or chalky.
- On the maker’s schedule; many suggest about five years for the shell and twelve months for the suspension.
Accessories
Use only accessories the maker approves; stickers, paint and drilling can weaken some shells. Add eye and hearing protection, respiratory protection for silica, hi-vis and safety boots.
Browse PPE and safety.
Common questions
What is the difference between Type I and Type II hard hats?
Type I is tested for impacts to the top of the head. Type II is also tested for impacts and penetration from the front, back and sides.
Which hard hat class do electricians need?
Class E, tested to 20,000 volts, is the usual choice for electrical work. Follow your employer's hazard assessment.
Are helmet-style hard hats better?
Many have Type II protection and chin straps that keep them on in a fall. More contractors now require them for work at height.
When should I replace my hard hat?
After any significant impact, if it is cracked, faded or chalky, and on the maker's schedule for the shell and suspension.